Role of Dyssynchrony on Functional Mitral Regurgitation in Patients with Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Comparison Study with Geometric Parameters of Mitral Apparatus

BACKGROUND Functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) occurs commonly in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). This study was conducted to explore the role of left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony in developing FMR in patients with DCM in comparison with geometric parameters of the mitral apparatus. METHODS Twenty patients without FMR and 33 patients with FMR [effective regurgitant orifice area (ERO) = 0.17 ± 0.10 cm(2)] were enrolled. MR severity was estimated with ERO area. Dyssynchrony indices (DI) were measured using the standard deviations of time to peak myocardial systolic velocity between eight segments. Using real time 3D echocardiography, mitral valve tenting area (MVTa), anterior (APMD) and posterior papillary muscle distances (PPMD), LV sphericity, and tethering angle of anterior (Aα) and posterior leaflets (Pα) were estimated. All geometrical measurements were corrected (c) by the height of each patient. RESULTS The patient with FMR had significantly higher cDI, cMVTa, cAPMD and cPPMD, LV sphericity, Aα, and Pα than the patients without FMR (all p < 0.05). With multiple logistic regression analysis, cMVTa (p = 0.017) found to be strongest predictor of FMR development. In patients with FMR, cMVTa (r = 0.868), cAPMD (r = 0.801), cPPMD (r = 0.742), Aα (r = 0.454), LV sphericity (r = 0.452), and DI (r = 0.410) showed significant correlation with ERO. On multivariate regression analysis, cMVTa and cAPMD (p < 0.001, p = 0.022, respectively) remained the strongest determinants of the degree of ERO and cAPMD (p < 0.001) remained the strongest determinant of the degree of cMVTa. CONCLUSION Displacement of anterior papillary muscle and consequent mitral valve tenting seem to play a major role in developing FMR in DCM, while LV dyssynchrony seems to have no significant role.